Izinga le-AWWA D103-09: Umhlahlandlela Wezobunjiniyela Wamatangi Ensini Axhunyiwe
Kwadalwa ngo 06.23
Izinga Lokuklama Le-AWWA D103-09: Umhlahlandlela Wezobunjiniyela Wezitshe Zensimbi Eziboshiwe
I-AWWA D103-09, eyashicilelwa yi-American Water Works Association, yiyona yodwa ikhodi yobunjiniyela yokuklama, ukukhiqiza, nokwakha amathangi ensimbi ekabhoni ashintshwa embonini. Kuyinto eyaziwa umhlaba wonke yokuqinisekisa ukwakheka okuzinzile nokuhlala isikhathi eside kwezinhlelo zokugcina amanzi. Ezindaweni ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokugcina obuthuthukisiwe—ikakhulukazi amathangi e-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS) kanye ne-Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE)—ukuthobela i-AWWA D103-09 kuyisiqinisekiso esiphezulu sokuphepha, ukusebenza, kanye nokuthobela imithetho yemvelo.
1. Isihloko Nokusebenza
I-AWWA D103-09 ichaza izidingo eziphansi kakhulu zezitshe eziboshiwe ezisetshenziselwa ukugcina amanzi. Okubaluleke kakhulu kuyo ukugcotshwa okwenziwa efektri, okuhlukanisa lezi zitshe kwezindala ezihlangene ensimini futhi ezipendwe ensimini.
● Izakhiwo Ezisebenzayo: Izinga lihlanganisa izitshe ezijikelezayo, izisekelo, kanye nezimpahla (kuhlanganise nezimpahla zamadome e-aluminum).
● Ubuchwepheshe Obuhlosiwe: Buyalela ngokuqondile amazinga we-vitreous enamel (Glass-Fused-to-Steel) kanye ne-thermoset/thermoplastic (Epoxy) imihlobiso yefekthri, uqinisekisa ukuthi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokubambelela, ubukhulu, kanye nokuhlala isikhathi eside.
● Izindawo Zokugcina: Ngenkathi ikakhulu yenzelwe amanzi okuphuza, imihlahlandlela yesakhiwo kanye nemihlobiso ivame ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso amanzi angcolile ezimbonini, ama-anaerobic digesters, kanye nokugcinwa kwamanzi okuvikela umlilo.
2. Ubunjiniyela Bokulayisha Kwesakhiwo
Ingxenye eyinhloko yendlela ye-AWWA D103-09 yindlela yayo eqinile yokulayisha kwesakhiwo. Onjiniyela kufanele bakhe izitsha eziboshwe ngezikulufu ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nezingcindezi ezihlukahlukene zemvelo ezihlangene.
● Ukulayisha Komoya: Indlela ichaza ukuthi kungabalwa kanjani ingcindezi yomoya kuqokwe kwesitsha kanye nophahla ngokusekelwe kudatha yesivinini somoya esifundeni, uqinisekisa ukuthi isitsha ngeke sigobeke noma siphenduke phansi phakathi kwezimo zezulu ezinzima.
● Ukuklama kwezinyikimo zomhlaba: Amathangi kumele akhelwe ukubhekana namandla e-hydrodynamic ngesikhathi senyikimo. I-AWWA D103-09 ichaza izibalo ze-"sloshing" (ukuhamba koketshezi ngaphakathi) kanye nezinhlelo zokubopha ezidingekayo ukuvimbela ukuhamba kwethangi.
● Umthwalo weqhwa: Izakhiwo zamadenga, ikakhulukazi ama-aluminum domes angadluli, kumele zibheke ukuqoqeka kweqhwa endaweni ukuvimbela ukubhidlika kwesakhiwo.
3. Ukugqoka kanye Nezici Zokwakha
Ukuphila kwethangi elihlanganiswe ngezikulufu kuncike ngokuphelele ku-coating yalo. I-AWWA D103-09 ibeka imingcele eqinile yokuthi lezi zokumboza zihlolwa futhi zisebenza kanjani efektri.
A. Izidingo ze-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS)
Ezokumbozwa nge-vitreous enamel, isindinganiso siyalela amazinga okushisa athile okubhakwa kanye nokuhlolwa kokumelana nomthelela nokungasebenzi kwamakhemikhali. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ungqimba lwengilazi ngeke luhlukane nesisekelo sensimbi, lunikeze impilo ejwayele ukudlula iminyaka engu-30 ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuphinda uboshwe.
B. Izidingo ze-Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE)
Ezitsheni ezigcotshwe nge-epoxy, izinga lifuna ukulungiswa okuphelele kwendawo (ngokuvamile ukudubula insimbi cishe ibe mhlophe) ngaphambi kokufakwa. I-epoxy kumele ihlolwe nge-Holiday (spark) ukuthola izimbobo ezincane kakhulu, ukuqinisekisa umgoqo ongadluli nhlobo phakathi kwamanzi agciniwe nensimbi.
4. Izinqubo Zokubopha Nezokugcoba
Ngoba izitshe ze-AWWA D103-09 zakhiwa endaweni kusuka kumaphaneli ahlanganisiwe, ubuqotho bezixhumanisi bubaluleke kakhulu.
● Izinsimbi zokubopha: Izinga lifuna izikulufu eziqinile, ezingagqwalisi (ezivame ukugcotshwa nge-hot-dipped galvanized noma ezifakwe isikhafu). Izinhloko zezikulufu kumele ziklanywe ngendlela ekhethekile ukuze zihlale zilingana namaphaneli ethangi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulimala okuncane kwe-coating ngesikhathi sokubopha.
● Izinto zokubopha izikhala: Ukuze izikhala zamamojula zingangeni manzi, izinga lifuna ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezikhethekile, ezinokusebenza okuphezulu (njenge-polyurethane noma i-mastic). Amanzi okuphuza, lezi zinto zokubopha izikhala kumele futhi ziqinisekiswe nge-NSF/ANSI 61 ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azikhiphi izinto eziyingozi eziguquguqukayo (VOCs) emanzini okuphuza.
5. I-Matrix Yokubheka: AWWA D103-09 vs. API 650
Onjiniyela bamaphrojekthi badinga ukukhetha phakathi kwamalungiselelo ethangi ahlanganiswe ngezikulufu nawokwehlanganiswa ngokuwelda.
Isici | AWWA D103-09 (Amathangi Ahlanganiswe Ngezikulufu) | API 650 (Amathangi Okwehlanganiswa Ngokuwelda) |
Okubaluleke Kakhulu | Insiza yensimbi egqokwe efektri (Amanzi/Imbiza) | Insiza yensimbi eqinile eyenziwe ensimini (Uwoyela/Igazi) |
Ukugqoka | Kulawulwa efektri (Ukunemba okuphezulu) | Kwenziwa ensimini (Kuya ngesimo sezulu) |
Isivinini Sokwakha | Kuyashesha Kakhulu (Ukuhlanganiswa okuyimodular) | Kuyacophelela (Ukuhlanganiswa okubanzi nokuhlolwa) |
Uhlobo Lokuhlanganisa | Kuhlanganiswe ngezikulufu nezinto ezikhethekile zokubopha | Ukuhlanganiswa okungena ngokugcwele okuqhubekayo |
Ukwenziwa Kwezinguquko/Ukwandiswa | Kulula (Amaphaneli angangezwa noma ashintshwe) | Kunqabile (Kudinga ukusika nokubuyisela ukushisela) |
6. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQ)
Umbuzo: Ingabe i-AWWA D103-09 iyaziwa kuphela e-United States?
A: Nakuba ishicilelwe inhlangano yaseMelika, i-AWWA D103-09 yamukelwa umhlaba wonke njengesilinganiso esihamba phambili sobunjiniyela samathangi ensimbi ahlanganiswe ngezikulufu. Amaphrojekthi omhlaba wonke kulo lonke elaseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia, iMiddle East, neYurophu avamise ukucacisa leli zinga emibhalweni yabo yezicelo.
Umbuzo: Ingabe i-AWWA D103-09 ihlanganisa nesisekelo sethangi?
A: Yebo. Leli zinga lihlinzeka ngemihlahlandlela ephelele yokuklama isisekelo, okubandakanya izindonga zeringi zikakhonkolo eziqinisiwe namabhuloho agcwele inhlabathi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithwalo yesakhiwo idluliselwa ngokuphepha enhlabathini.
Umbuzo: Leli zinga lithinta kanjani izinhlelo zokugcinwa?
A: Ngokulandela izimfuneko eziqinile zokugqoka ezimbonini ze-AWWA D103-09, amathangi (ikakhulukazi i-GFS ne-epoxy esezingeni eliphezulu) adinga ukugcinwa kancane kakhulu kunezindlela zokudweba ensimini, okwenza kungabikho isidingo sokuhlanza ngesihlabathi nokuphinda ugqoke njalo.
Ukuqiniswa kwe-AWWA D103-09 kuyinto okungadingidwa ngayo kubakhi abafuna izixazululo eziqinile, ezihlala isikhathi eside zokugcina uketshezi. Ngokuchaza imingcele eqondile yokumelana nomoya nokuzamazama komhlaba, izendlalelo ezifakwa efektri, kanye nobunjiniyela obunembayo bezixhumanisi, leli zinga liqinisekisa ukuthi amathangi ahlanganiswe ngamamojula ahlinzeka ngeminyaka eminingi yokusebenza ngaphandle kokuphuma. Noma ngabe usebenzisa uhlelo lwe-Glass-Fused-to-Steel amanzi omphakathi noma ithangi le-epoxy elinzima lokungcola kwezimboni, ukubhekisa ku-AWWA D103-09 kuqinisekisa impahla eyakhiwe ngesikhundla esiphakeme kakhulu sokwethenjwa kwesakhiwo.
WhatsApp