API 12B Amatafulela Axhunyiwe: Izinga Lokugcina Uketshezi Lwe-Oil & Gas
Kwadalwa ngo 04.15
Izitanki Zokubopha ze-API 12B: Izinga Lokugcinwa Kwamafutha & Igesi
Emkhakheni wezinguquko zamandla ka-2026, isivinini sokusebenza kanye nokuhambisana kwezinto ezakhiwayo kubaluleke kakhulu. Itanki Lokubopha le-API 12B lihlala liyisilinganiso semboni sokugcinwa kukaphethiloli ongahluziwe, ama-condensates, namanzi akhiqiziwe. I-Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd (i-Center Enamel) yandisa leli zinga ngokuhlanganisa ukunemba kwezilinganiso zakudala ze-API 12B nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe be-Glass-Fused-to-Steel (GFS) kanye ne-Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE) coating.
I-API Spec 12B ihlanganisa ukuklama, ukukhiqiza, nokufakwa kwezitanki ezakhiwe ensimini ezokugcinwa koketshezi lokukhiqiza. Amandla ajwayelekile asukela ku-100 kuye ku-10,000 amabhareli (bbl). Ngokusebenzisa amaphaneli okubopha ahlanganisiwe, lezi zitanki zinikeza isikhathi sokufakwa esisheshayo esingu-60% uma kuqhathaniswa nezitanki ezihlotshisiwe ze-API 650 futhi zingasuswa ngo-100%.
1. Ukuqonda Ukucaciswa kwe-API 12B
I-American Petroleum Institute (API) yenze ispecification ye-12B ukuhlinzeka nge-"kit eyenziwe ngendlela efanayo" kubasebenzi bezindawo zamafutha. Ngokungafani namathangi enziwe ngokwezifiso, amathangi e-API 12B alandela ubukhulu obuchazwe ngaphambili obuqinile kanye nobunzima bamapuleti.
Izidingo Ezibalulekile zobunjiniyela:
● Ubukhulu obufanayo: Ububanzi nokuphakama okuchazwe ngaphambili (isibonelo, 100 bbl, 500 bbl, 1,000 bbl) kuvumela izingxenye ezishintshwayo nokuthengwa okusheshayo.
● Ingcindezi yomoya: Yakhelwe ingcindezi yangaphakathi efika ku-0.5 oz nge-square inch (cishe 215 Pa), okwenza ilungele ukugcinwa kwezinto ezingamanzi zomoya.
● Idizayini engadluliselwa: Isixhumi esiboshiwe sivumela ithangi ukuthi lihlakazwe, lihanjiswe, futhi libuyelelwe kwezinye izindawo zokukhiqiza—inzuzo ebalulekile ezindaweni zokukhiqiza amafutha zesikhashana noma eziguqukayo.
2. Ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu: Ukuqanjwa kwe-API 12B kwe-Center Enamel
Ngenkathi izinga le-API 12B lichaza "isidumbu", i-Center Enamel ihlinzeka "ngesihlangu". Sithatha indawo yensimbi eshiywe ipendwe ngezinto zokugqoka ezisebenza kakhulu ezisinda ezindaweni ezinzima kakhulu ze-"sour" crude.
Isici | I-API 12B ye-Center Enamel (GFS/FBE) | I-API 12B Epentwe Ngokwesintu |
Ukumelana Nokugqwala | Ayithinteki yi-H2S, Usawoti, Nezinsipho | Ingozi Ephezulu Yokugqwala Kwangaphakathi |
Ukubopha Okuhlanganiswe | Ukuhlanganiswa Kwama-Molecule (GFS) | Ukunamathela Komshini (Umdwebo) |
Impilo Yesevisi | Iminyaka engu-30+ | Iminyaka 5–10 (Idinga Ukupendwa Kabusha) |
Ukunakekelwa | Okuncane Kakhulu (Akupendwa Nakancane) | Okuphezulu (Ukuhlanjululwa Ngokujwayelekile) |
Ubuqotho Besivalo | I-EPDM/Viton Ye-Petroleum-Grade | Amagasketi Ajwayelekile |
3. Izingxenye Zesakhiwo Sesistimu Ye-API 12B
I-Center Enamel iqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye ihlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zemisebenzi yasemakhaya ekude:
● Amaphaneli Anamapulangwe: Amapuleti ensimbi anezimbobo eziqondile namapulangwe aqinisekisa ukuhambisana okuphelele kwezimbobo zamabhawodi ukuze kusebenze ngaphandle kokuvuza.
● Amabhawodi Ezinga 10.9: Amabhawodi aqinile, agqoke i-hot-dip galvanized noma agcotshiwe, anqanda ukugqwala komoya.
● Izesekeli Ezihlanganisiwe: Ithangi ngalinye lihlanganisa iminyango ye-manway eyenziwe ngezinga le-API, izivalo zokweba, izikhombe zokulinganisa, neminyango yokuhlanza.
● Ukuvaleka kukagesi: Izinsiza ezikhethekile nezinto zokubopha eziklanyelwe ukubhekana nama-hydrocarbons nokuvimbela ukuvuza kwezinto eziyingozi eziguquguqukayo (VOC).
4. Kungani Amathangi Amamodular Bolted Angcono Kunamathangi Ahlanganiswe Ngokushisela
1. Akukho Msebenzi Wokushisa Esizeni: Amathangi e-API 12B ahlanganiswa ngezinsimbi zesandla. Lokhu kususa isidingo sezimvume zokushisela namaqembu akhethekile okuphepha komlilo ezindaweni eziyingozi zamaloli.
2. Izinto Zokuhamba Ezincane: Ithangi elingu-5,000 bbl lingathunyelwa esitsheni esisodwa esingu-40ft, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokuthutha ezindaweni ezikude zasemazweni.
3. Ikhwalithi Elinganiselwe: Wonke iphaneli ihlanganiswe efektri futhi ihlolwe nge-1500V High-Voltage Holiday Test, iqinisekisa ukuthi ayikho iphutha lokuhlanganisa ngaphambi kokuba umkhiqizo ufinyelele esizeni.
5. Ukuthobela & Izindinganiso Zomhlaba Wonke
I-Shijiazhuang Zhengzhong Technology Co., Ltd ingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili e-Asia wamathangi aboshiwe ayingxenye, enegunya elakhiwe ngokusekelwe kokulandelayo:
● Ukunamathela Ngokuqinile: Ubunjiniyela nomklamo ngokuhambisana ne-API Spec 12B, AWWA D103-09, ne-ISO 28765.
● Umhlaba Wonke: Izifakelo ezingaphezu kuka-10,000 emazweni angaphezu kuka-100, okuhlanganisa nezindawo ezinkulu zepetroli e-USA, UAE, naseRussia.
● Ubungcweti Obuqinisekisiwe: Iminyaka engaphezu kuka-30 ye-R&D namalungelo obunikazi cishe angama-200 okugqoka i-enamel.
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